Law & Crime
SERAP sues governors, Wike ‘over failure to account for security votes spending’
Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has filed a lawsuit against Nigeria’s governors and the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja (FCT), Mr Nyesom Wike “over their failure to account for the spending of billions of naira of public funds in the name of ‘security votes’ by them since 29 May 2023 to guarantee and ensure the security of life and property of Nigerians.”
The suit followed reports of the Benue massacre and well-documented ongoing cases of insecurity in several states and FCT, despite the over N400 billion budgeted yearly as ‘security votes.’ 10 governors reportedly budgeted about N140 billion as security votes in 2026.
In the suit number FHC/ABJ/CS/95/2026 filed last Friday at the Federal High Court in Abuja, SERAP is asking the court to “direct and compel the governors and Mr Wike to disclose the details of the spending of security votes by them since 29 May 2023 to date, which are intended to ensure the security of life and property of Nigerians.”
SERAP is also asking the court to “compel the governors and Mr Wike to provide detailed reports on the allocation and spending of security votes by their states and the FCT, including the information on implementation status and completion reports, and the plans, if any, for improving the security infrastructure in the states and FCT.”
In the suit, SERAP is arguing that, “Nigerians ought to know in what manner public funds including security votes meant to ensure the security of life and property of Nigerians, are spent by the governors and FCT minister.”
SERAP is arguing that, “the escalating insecurity in several states and FCT is taking a devastating toll on socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians, driving up extreme poverty, intensifying hunger and leading to other grave human rights violations.”
SERAP is also arguing that, “Several state governors and FCT minister continue to fail to effectively discharge their primary and constitutional responsibility to protect the lives and property of the Nigerian people.”
According to SERAP, “The framers of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 [as amended] never contemplated opaque spending of public funds as security votes.”
SERAP said, “The constitutional principle of democracy also provides a foundation for Nigerians’ right to know the spending details of the money collected in the name of security votes meant to ensure the security of life and property of Nigerians.”
SERAP is arguing that, “Citizens’ right to know promotes openness, transparency, and accountability that is in turn crucial for the country’s democratic order.”
The suit filed on behalf of SERAP by its lawyers Oluwakemi Agunbiade, Andrew Nwankwo, and Valentina Adegoke, read in part: “There is a significant risk of embezzlement, misappropriation or diversion of public funds collected by the states and FCT as security votes.”
“Despite the billions of naira yearly budgeted as security votes, many governors and FCT ministers are grossly failing to guarantee and ensure the security and welfare of the Nigerian people, contrary to section 14(2)(b) of the Nigerian Constitution.”
“Directing the governors and FCT minister to account for security votes spending would serve to engage Nigerians in an honest conversation about the security problems and what the governors and minister are doing to respond to them.”
“The intense secrecy and lack of meaningful oversight of the spending of security votes by governors have for many years contributed to large-scale stealing of public funds.”
“Years of secrecy in the spending of security votes have also limited the ability of the people to hold high-ranking public officials to account for their constitutional responsibility to ensure the security and welfare of the people.”
“There is a legitimate public interest for the governors and the FCT minister to explain how they have spent the security votes they have so far collected.”
“The obligations of state governors and FCT minister to guarantee and ensure the security and welfare of the Nigerian people are interlinked with their responsibility under section 15(5) of the Nigerian Constitution to ‘abolish all corrupt practices and abuse of office’.”
“While authorities may keep certain matters of operational secrets from the people in the name of national security, there is no constitutional or legal basis to hide basic information on public spending from the people.”
“The Supreme Court in a groundbreaking judgment declared that the Freedom of Information Act ‘is applicable and applies to the public records in the Federation’, including those on security votes spending kept by the states and FCT.”
“With the landmark judgment, the Supreme Court has made clear that state governors can no longer hide under their unfounded claim that the Freedom of Information Act does not apply to them.”
“As the Supreme Court has eloquently stated, any freedom of information law by the state is subject to the Freedom of Information Act.”
“The failure by state governors and FCT minister to disclose and account for the spending of security votes is a grave violation of the public trust and the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution, national anticorruption laws, and the country’s international human rights and anticorruption obligations.”
“Pervasive tendency by governors to regard or treat security votes as their personal entitlement or funds is antithetical to the Nigerian Constitution and international standards. Security votes should be used for improving the security situation in the states or returned to the public treasury.”
“Section 13 of the Nigerian Constitution further imposes clear responsibility on the states and FCT to conform to, observe and apply the provisions of Chapter 2 of the constitution.”
“The public interest in publishing the information sought outweighs any considerations to withhold the information.”
“The World Bank recently classified Nigeria as ‘economy in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS)’, which explains why the country continues to face severe and persistent development challenges.”
“Other 38 countries classified as FCS alongside Nigeria include Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali, and Sudan. The World Bank noted that insecurity is contributing to extreme poverty in Nigeria.”
“According to the Bank, ‘the outlook for poverty in Nigeria is sobering. Millions of people are currently experiencing acute food insecurity. Severe gaps in education and health undermine human development in the country.’”
“Weak state capacity, insecurity, and conflict-related disruptions contribute to poor outcomes across basic services. Insecurity is escalating and inflicting grave economic damage while contributing to violations of human rights across several states and FCT.”
No date has been fixed for the hearing of the suit.
Kolawole Oluwadare
SERAP Deputy Director
Law & Crime
Niger state Election Appeal Tribunal upholds Ruling of Election Petition Tribunal on Suleja LGA chairmanship
By Uthman-Baba Naseer, Minna
The Niger State Local Government Election Appeal Tribunal has upheld the lower Judgement of the election petition Tribunal of Suleja local government chairmanship
The three members of the Appeal tribunal led by Justice Balkisu Gambo Yusuf who ruled that the election should be reconducted the two other members of the tribunal over ruled her decision in a very dramatic and confusing manner.
Justice Usman Ishyaku and Justice Salisu Majindadi in their both decision agreed with the lower tribunal decision striking out the petition as filed by the counsel of the Shehu Abdukadir of the Social Democratic Party (SDP),
Shehu Abdukadir, had approached the Chief Magistrate Maryam King local government election petition Tribunal,challenging the election of Shaibu Bawa Naibi of the All Progressive Congress (APC), claiming that the election was engulfed with irregularities.
The SDP Candidate has approached the tribunal through his Attorney Abdulrahaman Siraj Esq,to challenge the election of Shaibu Bawa Naibi alleging that he did not attend primary school claiming that the primary school Certificate he forwarded to the Niger State Independent Electoral Commission (NSIEC) was forged.
While delivering her judgement,the Chairman of the three members tribunal Chief Magistrate Mariam King struck out the petition and dismissed it in eternity for lack of merit.
Dissatisfied with the decision of the lower tribunal, the Attorney to the petitioner Abdulrahaman Siraj Esq, approached the Justice Balkisu Gambo Yusuf, Appeal tribunal for further redress in the decision of the Chief Magistrate Mariam King led local government election petition tribunal
However,the three members Appeal tribunal,after the Chairman of the Appeal tribunal Justice Balkisu Gambo Yusuf delivered her lead Judgement,directing for the reconduct of the election into the office of the Chairman Suleja local government, she nullified the decision of the lower tribunal.
At this point Justice Usman Ishyaku and Justice Salisu Majindadi distanced themselves from her decision and collectively nullified her decision and upheld the decision of the lower tribunal as delivered by Chief Magistrate Mariam King.
A mild drama and confusion erupted after the judgement as both the Attorney of the petitioner and the respondent engaged themselves in a hot argument on the decision of the two members of the Appeal tribunal Justice Usman Ishyaku and Justice Salisu Majindadi describing their judgement as an alien to the Justice system.
It was observed that the Attorney to the petitioner Mohammed B. Adamu Esq,who held brief for Abdulrahaman Siraj Esq,raised some fundamental issues within the ambit of the law,the Chairman of the Appeal tribunal Justice Balkisu Gambo Yusuf objected to his point and they rose and entered their Chamber.
Law & Crime
Police Arrests Fake JAMB Coordinator in Anambra community ,recover 8 slips, others
By Our Correspondent
In its bid to stamp out criminality in Anambra State, the Operatives of the Inspector General of Police, IGP’s Safe School Initiative of the Anambra State Police Command, has arrested one male suspect, Eric Nwombu, for alleged criminal impersonation and unlawful possession of JAMB examination materials.
Among the Items recovered from him at a cyber cafe in Atani, Ogbaru Local Government area, included, 8 JAMB examination slips and an exercise book containing names and examination numbers of students, which he could not satisfactorily account for.
The arrest, it was gathered followed a report of how the suspect was collecting 2026 JAMB examination slips from students who had come to check their examination centers in a Cyber cafe, in Atani.
Upon inquiry, the suspect allegedly claimed to be a JAMB 2026 coordinator in Atani but the Staff of the Computer center, dissatisfied with his response and suspicious of his actions, alerted the Police Operatives in the area.
On sighting the Operatives approaching, the suspect attempted to flee but was apprehended.
According to the state Police Pu LIC Relations Officer, PPRO, Tochukwu Ikenga, (SP), preliminary investigatio has since commenced, and the case will be transferred to the State Criminal Investigation Department (SCID), Awka, for discreet investigation.
He said the Commissioner of Police, CP Ikioye Orutugu, reiterated the Command’s commitment to safeguarding the integrity of public examinations and urged members of the public to remain vigilant and promptly report suspicious activities to the Police.
Law & Crime
NDLEA’s 974 convictions show strength, but intelligence reforms remain essential
By Emmanuel Nnadozie Onwubiko
Perhaps, since the re-emergence of democracy in 1999, the National Drugs Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) has made momentous history for Nigeria and indeed Africa as the government’s funded public institution in the area of counter-narcotics that dedicates a huge chunk of human, material and financial resources towards manpower trainings and this Agency is unarguably the number one Agency in the area of the massive scope of successful prosecutions of drug offenders in all of Africa.
The evidence is very clear, unambiguous and empirical. This feat is made possible because of the charismatic leadership acumen of the Chief Executive Officer: Brigadier General Mohamed Buba Marwa (rtd) whose dedicated professional management team has left nothing missing to ensure effective, efficient and result oriented prosecutorial milestones since the last 5 years that General Marwa came on board.
There is therefore no wonder that the current President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu has recently reappointed him for a second five year tenure because one phenomenally good turn deserved another.
The recent disclosure that the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) secured 974 drug-related convictions within the first quarter of 2026 marks a significant milestone in Nigeria’s long-standing battle against illicit narcotics. Even more striking is the cumulative 254-year sentence handed down to 11 major drug kingpins—an outcome that underscores a renewed prosecutorial vigour and growing institutional coordination within the country’s anti-drug architecture.
At first glance, these figures signal a system gaining traction, one that is gradually overcoming the entrenched weaknesses that have historically undermined criminal prosecutions in Nigeria. Yet, beyond the impressive statistics lies a deeper and more consequential question: does this surge in convictions represent a sustainable shift in prosecutorial strength, or is it a high-water mark that must now be consolidated through more robust intelligence systems and investigative reforms?
The NDLEA’s performance within this three-month period suggests an agency that is becoming increasingly adept at translating arrests into convictions—a transition that cannot be overstated in significance. For decades, Nigeria’s law enforcement institutions have often excelled at apprehending suspects but faltered at securing convictions, largely due to weak evidence, poor case preparation, and procedural lapses.
The steady rise in monthly convictions—from 265 in January to 316 in February, and 393 in March—indicates more than heightened operational tempo. It reflects a maturing system where investigations are more tightly aligned with prosecutorial requirements, and where legal officers are better equipped to present compelling cases in court. The commendation by NDLEA Chairman, Buba Marwa, of the judiciary’s “swift and decisive adjudication” further underscores a growing synergy across the criminal justice chain.
Equally significant is the shift towards targeting high-value offenders. The conviction and sentencing of major traffickers, including the widely reported case of Adegbite Solomon, signal a departure from the traditional focus on low-level couriers. This evolution aligns with global best practices, which prioritise dismantling entire networks rather than merely disrupting their peripheral actors. It suggests a more strategic orientation—one that seeks not just to punish, but to incapacitate organised drug enterprises.
Several underlying factors appear to be driving this prosecutorial momentum. One is the strengthening of internal legal capacity within the NDLEA. Investments in training, case management, and legal coordination have likely contributed to more coherent and evidence-based prosecutions. By ensuring that investigations are conducted with courtroom requirements in mind, the agency reduces the risk of cases collapsing under legal scrutiny.
Another key factor is improved inter-agency collaboration. Drug trafficking is a complex crime that intersects with financial systems, border control, and international networks. The successful prosecution of high-profile offenders, coupled with asset forfeiture and licence revocations, suggests that the NDLEA is increasingly leveraging intelligence from financial regulators, immigration services, and foreign partners. This integrated approach enhances both the depth and credibility of evidence presented in court.
Deterrence also plays a central role. Lengthy prison sentences—particularly for repeat offenders—send a clear message that the cost of engaging in drug trafficking is rising. In a criminal economy driven by risk-reward calculations, the certainty and severity of punishment can alter behaviour and discourage participation. The symbolic weight of a 254-year cumulative sentence for a handful of kingpins is therefore not merely punitive; it is strategic.
The Intelligence Imperative
Despite these gains, the sustainability of NDLEA’s prosecutorial success ultimately rests on one critical pillar: intelligence. Convictions are the end product of a process that begins with information—accurate, timely, and actionable intelligence that can withstand the rigours of judicial scrutiny.
Nigeria’s drug trade has evolved into a sophisticated and adaptive enterprise. Traffickers now operate through transnational networks, utilise encrypted communication platforms, and deploy complex financial arrangements to obscure their activities. Traditional policing methods, which rely heavily on physical surveillance and routine interceptions, are increasingly insufficient in this context.
Without a commensurate upgrade in intelligence capabilities, the current surge in convictions risks losing momentum. The challenge, therefore, is to transition from reactive enforcement—where arrests are made after offences occur—to proactive, intelligence-led operations that anticipate, disrupt, and dismantle networks before they fully materialise.
To sustain and deepen its prosecutorial gains, the NDLEA must embrace a more sophisticated intelligence architecture. This begins with the integration of financial intelligence into drug enforcement strategies. Drug trafficking is fundamentally a profit-driven enterprise, and financial trails often provide the most compelling evidence in court. By working closely with financial intelligence units and regulatory bodies, the agency can uncover money laundering schemes, trace illicit funds, and build cases that are both comprehensive and difficult to challenge.
Technology must also become a central pillar of operations. The digitalisation of criminal networks demands a corresponding digital response. Investments in data analytics, cyber surveillance, and digital forensics can enable the NDLEA to decode communication patterns, track logistical movements, and map the structure of criminal organisations. Such capabilities not only enhance investigations but also strengthen the evidentiary foundation of prosecutions.
At the same time, human intelligence remains indispensable. Informants, undercover agents, and community networks provide insights that cannot be captured through technology alone. However, the effectiveness of human intelligence depends on trust and protection. Establishing robust informant protection programmes is therefore essential to encourage cooperation and safeguard those who provide critical information.
Inter-agency and international collaboration must also be deepened. Drug trafficking networks operate across borders, exploiting gaps in enforcement and jurisdiction. By strengthening partnerships with global law enforcement agencies and enhancing domestic coordination with customs, police, and immigration services, the NDLEA can close these gaps and create a more unified response.
Strengthening the Prosecution Chain
While intelligence gathering is crucial, its value is realised only when it translates into successful prosecutions. This requires continuous capacity building for legal officers, particularly in handling complex cases involving digital and financial evidence. Specialised prosecution units within the NDLEA could further improve efficiency, ensuring that expertise is concentrated and consistently applied.
Witness protection is another critical area. Many cases falter due to intimidation or reluctance of witnesses to testify. A credible and well-funded witness protection framework would enhance the willingness of individuals to come forward, thereby strengthening the evidentiary base of prosecutions.
Judicial reforms can also support prosecutorial effectiveness. Fast-track courts dedicated to drug-related offences could reduce delays and maintain the momentum of cases, while specialised training for judges on emerging trends in narcotics crimes would improve the quality of adjudication.
The Role of Communities and Prevention
No enforcement strategy can succeed in isolation from the society it seeks to protect. Communities often serve as the first line of observation, detecting unusual activities and patterns that may indicate drug trafficking. By fostering public trust and encouraging citizen participation, the NDLEA can expand its intelligence base and enhance early detection.
Public education campaigns should therefore go beyond highlighting the dangers of drug abuse to emphasise the role of citizens in combating trafficking. When communities see themselves as stakeholders in the fight against drugs, they become active partners rather than passive observers.
At the same time, enforcement must be balanced with prevention. The demand for illicit drugs sustains the supply chain, and without addressing addiction and substance abuse, enforcement efforts may achieve only limited success. I can attest to the fact that in this area, the NDLEA has done so well by investing substantially in the setting up of treatment centres across the country to try to salvage youngsters engaging in drug addiction. NDLEA should be supported in this area by the private sector leaders like the banks and big time industrialists. Rehabilitation programmes, education, and social interventions are essential components of a comprehensive strategy. It is precisely why we are impressed that General Marwa has invested a great deal of funds in the prevention of drug addiction. These mechanisms deserve to be supported by all and sundry.
The NDLEA’s achievement of 974 convictions in three months is both commendable and instructive. It demonstrates what is possible when institutional coordination, legal capacity, and operational focus converge. Yet, it also highlights the work that remains to be done.
Sustaining this level of performance requires more than operational intensity; it demands institutional resilience and strategic foresight. Intelligence must become the backbone of enforcement, guiding operations and strengthening prosecutions. Technology, collaboration, and community engagement must be harnessed to create a system that is both proactive and adaptive.
Ultimately, prosecutorial prowess is not defined solely by the number of convictions secured, but by the ability to dismantle criminal networks, deter future offences, and uphold the rule of law. If the NDLEA can build on its current momentum and embed intelligence at the core of its operations, Nigeria may well be on the path to not just containing, but decisively disrupting the drug trade.
In that transition—from momentum to mastery—lies the true measure of success.
*EMMANUEL NNADOZIE ONWUBIKO is the founder of the HUMAN RIGHTS WRITERS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (HURIWA) and was NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF NIGERIA.
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