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Humanitarian Crises:  Why Nigeria Needs Collective Response – UN Rep, Fall  … Identifies Obstacles, Solutions to Humanitarian Interventions 

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Mohamed Malick Fall is the United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria. In this exclusive interview, he speaks on the need for a collective response to humanitarian crises in Nigeria, obstacles to humanitarian interventions, and the work of the United Nations, among others. UN OCHA Nigeria’s Head of Public Information, Ann Weru, and Public Information Officer, Dr. Chike Walter Duru, were there.
Excerpts:
What are the types of humanitarian issues in Nigeria?
Different types of crises exist in Nigeria; some are linked to conflict and insecurity; there are those that are triggered by insurgency in the north-east, some are linked to intercommunal violence, herders/farmers clashes, abductions, kidnapping, banditry, prevalent in many parts of the country.
In addition, Nigeria has a certain level of climate vulnerability. Sometimes, drought; sometimes, floods; sometimes heat wave, that impact the wellbeing of people and sometimes trigger the movement of people, loss of property or loss of livelihood and they exacerbate the hardship that the people are facing.
How the UN is responding to the challenges
The UN has a two-fold response. One is the humanitarian response, which, to me, is guided by the principle of saving lives and reducing vulnerabilities; helping people, not only to get back on their feet, but also to have hope that they can have a better future.
The second component is the one that tackles the root causes of these crises. Most of those root causes are linked to deficits of development, lack of basic services, lack of livelihoods, lack of skills for young people and lack of access to employment. Those require much deeper action, which is building, not only on UN humanitarian intervention, but also on development-related activities, which will be looking at short, mid and long-term projects for the development of those people.
What are the obstacles to humanitarian interventions in Nigeria?
We have several of them.
The biggest one is access, and sometimes, access is hampered by insecurity. There are many parts of the country without free and safe access because of the high level of insecurity that is still prevailing. This is valid for the north-east, where, despite all the efforts to push against the insurgency, you still see attacks like the recent ones in Konduga and Gwoza, which are sad reminders that it is not yet over. You have also insecurity prevailing in many other parts of the country.
Sometimes, access to the people in need is also difficult.
Funding gaps are also an issue, because, as you know, the world is overstretched by humanitarian challenges. For instance, we have gone past half of the year, but this year’s Nigerian Humanitarian Response Plan is funded below 50 per cent. We launched in May 2024, a Lean Season Plan, which targeted to address the most urgent needs of people affected by food insecurity and malnutrition, but we are in the peak of the lean season, and we have not even reached 30 per cent of the funding we need. If you look at humanitarian funding year by year, you will see that it is declining. The level of response from the donor community is getting lower because of the competing developments across the world. The wars in Gaza, Sudan, and other regions have completely changed the funding landscape for humanitarian response.
What further challenges are militating against this conflict?
The challenge of funding
There is a cost of doing nothing. People always look at things from the point of the cost of doing something. Let me take one example. In the Lean Season Plan, we are looking at addressing severe food insecurity and malnutrition. Today, look at the number of children that are malnourished. The survival of hundreds of thousands of severely acutely malnourished children and those at risk depends on urgent interventions.
In the Lean Season Plan, there is a projection of 230,000 children at risk of severe acute malnutrition during the lean season in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, alone. Their survival depends on the steps taken against the challenge.
The cost of inaction is that life is on the line. Children that survive acute malnutrition, from the fragile health conditions they have, may also face growth and development challenges throughout their lives. The cost of inaction is very expensive.
Way forward
What are the solutions to these challenges ?
I see several solutions around these challenges.
For funding, more innovative funding solutions are required. We must no longer rely on western countries as traditional donors.
A country like Nigeria is not poor. It is among the three biggest economies in Africa. It is increasingly urgent for the Government to allocate its own resources to the humanitarian response.
We also need to be more creative and see how we can make our humanitarian operations more efficient and more effective. There are many directions that need to be explored.
International Laws
Wherever you see conflict and war, it means that there are parties that do not believe in dialogue and in peaceful settlement of disputes.
For instance, the insurgents believe in extreme violence and terrorist actions. This is not peculiar to Nigeria. In the world, there are many wars taking place. Ukraine, Sudan, Gaza, and these are coming on top of previous crises. You have Somalia and Syria. The notion that any difference should be settled through arms and through guns amounts to pushing back on the principles of international laws. Many of the parties to conflict do not respect nor respond to the call of international humanitarian law.
In what ways does the UN support displaced people and the most vulnerable?
Whenever you see a crisis, those that pay the highest prices are the most vulnerable – the women, children, older persons, people living with disabilities, and that is why we prioritise them in our interventions. There are provisions in our interventions that prioritize the protection of children. There are also provisions that specially protect women from grave violations of their rights and from sexual violence. The rights of people living with disabilities are also protected.
For me, the humanitarian space is one of the few spaces where humanity has its expression. It is a place where you see actors daily, risking their lives to go and save lives, reduce vulnerability, protect and help people get back on their feet. It is also a space where you see host communities that are lacking in everything sharing the little, they have with people who are suffering or displaced. It is a place where you see Government and non-state actors getting together, to reduce vulnerability and save the lives of people. The work of humanitarians saving lives etc. has just one name – humanity prevailing.
Message for stakeholders
What we need to reduce the humanitarian needs in the world is for the people to go back to the principle of humanity.
If we act on preventing conflict, stopping conflicts, we will take away a huge number of people in humanitarian need.
At the same time, humanitarian needs are not only triggered by conflict; unfortunately, the way we treat our planet; the way we treat our ecosystems, the way we respond to the climate crisis that we are facing are also important issues.
We also have increased poverty and deeper inequalities. All of these are among the factors that trigger human suffering.
How do address these issues?
We need to address conflict, increased poverty, the climate crisis, and inequalities. If world leaders continue to push to address these issues and more, we will see a better world.
Members of the public should support humanitarian action. They should understand that it is not about humanitarian organisations and workers alone. It is about the entire society. The call here is the expression of humanity. It is a call to every human being. It takes mobilization, commitment, awareness for every one of us to be part of that humanity.
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Dr. David Olofu Emerges ADC Senatorial Candidate for Benue South Ahead of 2027 Elections

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Dr. David Olofu, Emerges victorious as senatorial flagbearer for Benue South Senatorial District ahead of the 2027 general elections

By Our Correspondent

Former Benue State Commissioner for Finance, Dr. David Olofu, has emerged as the African Democratic Congress senatorial flagbearer for Benue South Senatorial District ahead of the 2027 general elections.

Dr. Olofu emerged as the consensus candidate of the party following primaries conducted across the nine local government areas of the district. His candidature was formally affirmed in Otukpo on Sunday.

Declaring the result, the ADC Returning Officer, Barr. Ogah Ekwu, said Dr. Olofu satisfied all constitutional requirements of the party and was unanimously endorsed across the zone.

“Dr. Olofu, having met all the requirements of the constitution of the party, is hereby returned as the sole candidate and duly elected ADC senatorial candidate for Benue South,” Ekwu stated.

In his acceptance remarks, Dr. Olofu described his emergence as a collective victory for the people of Benue South. He pledged to run an inclusive leadership that accommodates every interest and stakeholder in the district.

He stated that representation for the zone “shall no longer be a one-man show,” and announced plans to establish a “Benue South People’s Assembly” and a “Benue South People’s Council” to deepen consultation, unity, and collective decision-making.

The former commissioner said the protection of lives and communities would be his top priority if elected, noting that insecurity had continued to cripple the agricultural strength and economic potential of the district.

“As outlined in my blueprint, my first charge shall be the protection of our people. This will begin with restoring security to our communities and unlocking the full potential of our agricultural economy,” he said.

Dr. Olofu outlined his vision as building “a secure Benue South where lives and livelihoods are protected, a productive economy where agriculture and enterprise thrive, a strong educational system that prepares our children for the future, infrastructure that connects our communities and unlocks opportunities, and a government that is accountable, responsive, and people-centred.”

He assured party faithful that no bloc would be sidelined and stressed that unity, inclusion, and purposeful representation would define his senatorial ambition.

The declaration was witnessed by officials of the Independent National Electoral Commission, security agencies, and members of the press.

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About 48 inmates on death Row (IDR) Currently languishing in Minna Custodial Centres without Execution-Investigation reveals

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By Uthman-Baba Naseer,Minna

A total of forty eight inmates on death row (IDR), are currently languishing in two of the Custodial Centres in Minna,in Niger State without being executed, investigations have revealed.

Out of the inmates, twenty eight of them are in Minna old Medium Security Custodial Centre among them three women while twenty others are in Minna new Medium Security Custodial Centre in Tunga.

The inmates,according to our findings, have been awaiting execution in the last fifteen years without knowing their fates.

It was gathered that their long stay awaiting execution was attributed to the refusal of state governors to sign their death warrant.

Our Correspondent was told that the refusal of state governors to sign death warrants since the Democratic administration,was due to condemnation from some civil society organizations (CSOs) and condemnation from some international communities such as Amnesty International.

Investigation conducted by this reporter in two of the facilities in Minna,revealed that the inmates are behind the incessant jail break across the Custodial centres in some part of the country as a result of their overstay on awaiting execution without knowing when the execution would be carried out.

In most of the Correctional Custodies, these inmates on death row, due to their over stay at the facilities, create unprecedented havoc leading to jailbreak or security breach in the facilities.

“ Inmates on death row (IDR), are seriously posing a security threat to correctional Custody across the country. Whenever we record any reported case of jailbreak in any correctional centre they are behind it.

“Their stays in our facilities without knowing their fate, pose a grave security threat to facilities. Some of them were just kept here for years. We have some of them that stayed for the past twelve to fifteen years on death row.

“Keeping these inmates in our facilities without the governors doing anything concerning their execution,we are at the receiving end of their elongated stay without knowing their fate”. a correctional officer in one of the Custodial Centre in Minna told our Correspondent.

However, eleven Inmates on death row from Gaba Community in Lavun Local Goverment Area who were sentenced to death by a Minna High Court number six sometimes in 2024, by Justice Maimuna Abubakar, were unconditionally granted padorned by Governor Mohammed Umar Bago,

They were found guilty for killing eight farmers from Amfani Community in Gaba District of Lavun Local Government over Communal clashes between the two Communities of Amfani and Gaba.

Our findings further revealed that since the inception of Democratic dispensation in 1999, no State governor signed a death warrant for the execution of the inmates in their respective states.

It was reliably gathered that the only governor that signed the death warrant since the present Democratic dispensation was Senator Adams Oshiomole when he was a
governor of Edo State in 2003.

Speaking in an interview with Journalists in his office in Minna,the Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice in Niger State,Alhaji Nasir Muazu Esq, explained that the refusal of the governor to sign the death warrant of the inmates was not deliberate.

He stated that the inmates have right of Appeal of their conviction from the High Court up to Appeal Court to Supreme Court.

“ I don’t want to believe that the governor deliberately refused to sign death warrant of inmates on death row as you called them. The reason is that they have right of Appeal their conviction from the High Court to Court of Appeal even up to Supreme Court.

“ They have to exhort their right of Appeal. If the Court of Appeal upheld their conviction, they can still go up to the Supreme Court to still challenge the decision of the Appeal Court. And they have many of such cases in the Apex court pending.

“So for you to say that the governors deliberately refused to sign death warrants of those inmates is not true” the Attorney General stated in an interview.

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2027: ADC Convention Deepens Party Crisis as Kachikwu Emerges Factional Presidential Candidate

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By Our Correspondent

Despite the lingering division in African Democratic Congress (ADC), the emergence of Dumebi Kachikwu as the presidential candidate of the factional ADC, has further exposed deep divisions within the party, as competing structures continue to lay claim to leadership and legitimacy ahead of the 2027 general elections.

Kachikwu, who was declared flag bearer at a convention held in Abuja by a faction of the party, pledged to run an issue-driven campaign focused on economic recovery, national unity, and inclusive governance. However, the event underscored ongoing internal disputes over control of the party’s national structure.

Speaking at the gathering organized by his factional bloc, Kachikwu described his emergence as a mandate for “national rescue,” insisting that Nigeria’s worsening economic and security conditions demanded urgent reform-oriented leadership.

He said the ADC must reposition itself as a platform for ideas rather than identity politics, arguing that political competition should be based on policy alternatives rather than internal power struggles or personality clashes.
“For too long, politics has benefited only a few while the majority of Nigerians continue to suffer. That must change,” he said, calling for a leadership culture rooted in accountability and competence.

The factional candidate also urged greater inclusion of young people and women in governance and stressed the need for public officials to be held accountable through reliance on the same public systems used by ordinary Nigerians.

However, the convention itself highlighted the party’s unresolved leadership crisis, with rival camps within the ADC maintaining conflicting claims over the control of the party’s national structure and decision-making authority.

While Kachikwu’s bloc presented the convention as a legitimate expression of party democracy and internal renewal, other factions within the ADC have continued to dispute the legality and recognition of the gathering, insisting that parallel structures undermine party unity.
Amid the tensions, party figures aligned with the Kachikwu bloc framed the event as a turning point, arguing that the ADC remains a viable opposition platform despite internal disagreements and political fragmentation.

The Chairman of ADC Chairmen, Kingsley Ogga, speaking at the convention, described the gathering as a demonstration of resilience, insisting that loyal members had sustained the party through periods of internal turbulence.

He acknowledged the existence of divisions but urged reconciliation, saying the party must prioritize unity, discipline, and inclusion if it is to remain relevant in Nigeria’s political landscape.

Similarly, the faction’s National Chairman, Alhaji Abdulkadir Mohammed Bashir, warned against what he described as attempts by certain individuals to monopolize the party’s leadership structure, insisting that internal disputes must be resolved strictly within constitutional provisions.

He, however, praised Kachikwu’s conduct amid the crisis, describing him as a calm and intellectual figure who has avoided escalating tensions despite the deepening internal rift.

Bashir called for dialogue and reconciliation across all camps, stressing that no political platform can survive prolonged internal fragmentation ahead of a major national election.

As the ADC moves closer to the 2027 polls, the emergence of parallel claims to legitimacy continues to raise questions about whether the party can present a united front or whether it will head into the election cycle divided along factional lines.

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